The trade routes connected the East and the West. Substantiate.

Answer:

The continents which mainly locate in the West are Europe, North America, and South America. The Eastern countries which are mentioning in this units are Arabia just adjacent of Africa, India, China and so many other countries of the Asian continent. The continents in between the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, and the Pacific Ocean are broadly classified into the East and the West.

The silk which produced abundantly in the East was famous for its quality, color, and transparency. This silk was so dear to the Europeans. They were ready to travel to the East either via the sea route or through the land route to secure the spices, that were in plenty in the Eastern countries. ?These species were cardamom, pepper, ginger, and cinnamon, sandalwood, and forest resources were also the favorite items of the Europeans.

They frequently traveled through these routes to and fro with the purpose of trade. Later these routes were known as trade routes. The silk route through the land and the spice route through the sea helped a lotto the mutual transaction of the varied cultures of the East and the West. Thus these trade routes paved the way to connect the East and the west. They also helped a lot to the transaction of the resources and various products or trade and the togetherness of various cultures.

Question 

Examine the circumstances that led to the growth of distant trade?

Answer:

Our earth is a combination of so many countries generally seen in between the oceans and the land. There are a wide range of differences in climate, resources, minerals, food and cash crops, people and their lifestyles among these countries. Each and every country is not at all self-sufficient in all types of resources or products. The products produced in the places where the nearness of the sea is a key factor are not alike that of the products of the continents. So in the ancient period onwards, people were eagerly enquired about the various products that were produced in the various parts of the world.

Some times, it was too difficult to reach in the remote areas of those countries form a distance. But the traders from various countries decided to travel to those distant countries. Thus the distant trade flourished. The traders competed among

What are the causes for the transformation of cities into trade centers?

Answer:

The traders searched for better places which were suitable for trade. Their main priorities were trans-portation and warehouse facilities. Several traders came together to a place from where they could get a lot of products. So many people accompanied them to get job. Some others came there with a purpose of retail trade. This continuous flow of people to a particular trade center, it gradually developed into cities.

Most of the medieval cities were grown and developed in the banks of the rivers. The facilities of transportations, large scale collection of various articles, smooth transactions, the support of the rulers boosted the growth of the cities. Later these cities became the centers of trade. Increase in population made those cities into highly populated and busy trade centers.

Question 

Prepare a note on the progress in the field of science and technology in the medieval world.

Answer;

During the medieval period, science attained progress.

Contributions were given to medical science.

Surgery began.

Paved the way for the invention of automobiles and aircraft.

Notable contributions were made in astronomy.

The crusades facilitated the exchange of scientific and technological knowledge.

Making telescope, mechanical clocks, principle of the gear, surgical instruments, etc. were the achievements of this period.

Algebra, Alchemy, Trigonometry were other achievements.

Street lights of the cities and waste management programmes were the contributions of this period

Question 

Name the Italian cities that emerged commercial centers from 1050 to 1300 CE.

Answer:

Genoa

Venice

Pisa

Florence

Question 

Identify the factors that led to the decline of guild system.

Answer:

Industrialization

Growth of science and technology

Question 

Which are the towns where the Italian traders had the trade relations?

Answer:

Baghdad

Damascus

Jerusalem

Question 

What were the suitable situations that caused development and progress in trade to Italian cities like Florence, Venice, Genoa, and Pisa compared to other European regions?

Answer:

They began to mint their own coins.

The presence of ports Italian sub-continent

The concessions provided their merchants

Encouragement from administrators.

Question 

Bring out factors that strengthened the commercial contacts between the East and the West in the medieval period?

Answer:

The comparatively weak trade between the East and the West got a fillip with the beginning of the crusades.

The Italian traders were engaged in long-distance trade with Eastern Roman Empire and the Arabs.

They had trade relations with towns like Baghdad, Damascus, and Jerusalem.

The rapid increase in production, diversity of products, construction of roads and bridges, and effective steps to control thieves and robbers resulted in the strengthening of the commercial contracts between the East and the west.

Question 32.

Name the important guilds existed in Medieval Europe.

Answer:

Carpenters

Leatherworkers

Blacksmiths

Jewelry makers

Sewing laborers

Question

What is meant by Carolingian Renaissance?

Answer:

The cultural and intellectual awakening of the 8th and 9th century medieval Europe had been generally characterized as the Carolingian Renaissance.

Question 

“The crusades influenced the wester life” Do you agree? Justify.

Answer:

Yes, I agree with this statement.

The Europeans got acquainted with the Islamic culture during the Crusades. Art and literature were exchanged during this period. The western style was profoundly influenced by the Eastern art and architecture. The Platonic Academy of Florence and the Quinze-Vingts hospital of Paris constructed by the French emperor Louis IX on his return from the crusades are examples