Activity -1
below is a table showing the mass of the reactants and the products when hydrogen combines with chlorine to form hydrogen chloride in two situations.
Questio 1.
Write down the total mass of the reactants and also the total mass of product in the above experiment.
a) Situation 1: …………………
b) Situation 2: ……………….
Answer:
a) Total mass of reactants 73g products 73g
b) Reactants 146g products 146 g
Activity-2
Given below is a table showing the mass of the reactants and the products when hydrogen combines with oxygen to form watermolecules.
Write down the total mass of the reactants and the total mass of product in the above experiment.
a) Situation 1:
b) Situation 2:
Answer:
a) Reactants 18 g, Product 18 g
b) Reactants 36 g, Products 36 g
Question 3.
What is the relation between the total mass of the reactants and the total mass of products?
Answer:
Both are equal.
State The Law Of Conservation Of Mass
In a chemical reaction mass is neither created nor destroyed. This is the law of conservation of mass.
This law was proposed by the scientist Antoine Lavoisier. That is, the total mass of the reactants will be equal to the total mass of the products.
Question 4.
A piece of magnesium is burned in air.
a)What do you observe?
Answer:
It burns with sparkling light
b)What is the white powder formed?
Answer:
Magnesium oxide (MgO)
c)Which are the reactants here?
Answer:
Mg and Oxygen
d)Which is the product?
Answer:
MgO
e)Note down the number of atoms in the reactant side and the number of atoms in the product side in the table below.
Answer:
f)Is the number of atoms of each element equal on both sides?
Answer:
No
g)The number of which atom is not equal on both sides?
Answer:
Oxygen
h)How many product molecules are needed to equalize the number of oxygen atoms on both sides?
Answer:
2
i)How will you represent two molecules of magnesium oxide?
Answer:
2 MgO
j)Now, is the number of magnesium atoms equal on both sides?
Answer:
No
k)How many magnesium atoms are needed in the reactant side to equalize the number of magnesium atoms on both sides?
Answer:
2
l)Then how can you rewrite the above equation?
Answer:
2 Mg + O2 → 2MgO
m)Is the total number of atoms of each element in the molecules present in the reactant side and that in the product side equal in this equation?
Answer:
Yes
Question 5
What is balancing of equations?
Answer:
Equalizing the number of atoms of each element in molecules in the reactant side and that in the product side is called balancing of equation.
Question 6
Zn + HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
Tabulate the total number of atoms of each elements in the reactant side and that in the product side of the above reaction.
i)How many Zn atoms are there in the reactant side and in the product side?
Answer:
1 each
ii)Which are the atoms showing a difference in their number?
Answer:
H and Cl
iii)In order to make them equal on both sides how many molecules of HCI should be taken as reactant.
Answer:
2
Now rewrite the equation
Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
Question 6.
Balance the chemical equation H2 + O2 → H2O
Answer:
Step I: H2+ O2 → H2O
Step II: 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
Question 7.
Balance the chemical equation Al + O2 → Al2O2
Answer:
Step I: Al + O2 → Al2O3
Step II: 4Al+ 3O2 → 2Al2O3
Question 8.
Balance the chemical equation H2 + O2 → H2O
Answer:
2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
Question 9.
Some chemical equations are given below. Note down the number of reactant atoms and that of product atoms in the table given below.
1. C + O2 → CO2
2. N2 + H2 → NH3
3. 2H2 O2 → 2H2O + O2
4. SO2 + O2 → SO3
5. BaCl2 + H2SO4 → BaSO4+2HCl
No. | Reactant atoms | Product atoms |
1 | C-1, O-2 | C-1, O-2 |
2 | N-2, H-2 | N-1, H-3 |
3 | H-4, O-4 | H-4, O-4 |
4. | S-1, O-4 | S-1, O-3 |
5. | H-2, S-1, O-4, | H-2, S-1,O-4, |
| Ba-1 Cl-2 | Ba-1, Cl-2 |
Balance the equations which are unbalanced
Answer:
1. N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3
2. 2SO2 + O2 → 2SO3
Oxidation And Reduction
Question 10.
The electronic configuration of magnesium and chlorine are 2, 8, 2 and 2, 8, 7 respectively. How many electrons does a magnesium atom donate? What charge will it get?
Answer:
2, two positive (2+)
a)Let us complete the equation for this process,
Mg → Mg2+ + ……………
Answer:
Mg → Mg2+ + 2e–
b)How many electrons are accepted by each chlorine atom? What will be the charge acquired by each atom?
Answer:
One, 1– (Cl1-
c)Complete the equation of this process.
Cl + 1e– →
Answer:
Cl + 1e– → Cl1-
d)What are oxidation and reduction?
Answer:
Oxidation is the process of loss of electrons. Reduction is the process of gain of electrons. The atom which loss electron is called the reducing agent and the atom which gains electron is called the oxidizing agent.
Question 30.
In the above chemical reaction, which atom is oxidized?
Answer:
Sodium
Question 31.
Which atom is reduced?
Answer:
Chlorine
Question 32.
Which is the oxidizing agent in this chemical reaction?
Answer:
Chlorine (Cl)
Question 33.
Which is the reducing agent in this chemical reaction?
Answer:
Sodium (Na)
Question 34.
Analyze the following equations and list the oxidized atom, reduced atom, oxidizing agent and reducing agent.
a) Mg + F2 → MgF2
b) 2Na + Cl → NaCl
Answer:
a) Oxidized atom — Mg
Equation of oxidation — Mg → Mg2+ + 2e–
Reduced atom — F
Equation of reduction — F + e– → F–
Oxidizing agent — F
Reducing agent — Mg
b) Oxidized atom — Na
Equation of oxidation — Na → Na + 1e–
Reduced atom — Cl
Equation of reduction — Cl+ 1e– → Cl–
Oxidizing agent — Na
Reducing agent — Cl
Question 35.
Analyse the following equations and complete the Table given below.
1. Mg → Mg2+ + 2e–
F+ le– → F–
2. Na → Na++1e–
Cl + 1e– → Cl–
3. Fe → Fe2++ 2e–
O + 2e– → O2–
Answer:
Equation of oxidation | Reducing agent | Equation of reduction | Oxidizing agent |
Mg → Mg2++ 2e– | Mg | F + 1e–→ F– | F |
Na → Na++1e– | Na | Cl + 1e → Cl– | Cl |
Fe → Fe2++ 2e– | Fe | O + 2e– → O2- | O |